Mountains are formed mainly by the movement of Earth's tectonic plates. When two plates collide, the land can be pushed upward, creating mountain ranges over millions of years. This process is called orogeny. For example, the Himalayas formed when the Indian plate collided with the Eurasian plate.
Volcanic activity can also create mountains when magma from inside the Earth erupts and piles up on the surface. Mountains affect climate and weather patterns and provide habitats for diverse plants and animals. They also offer resources like minerals and fresh water, making them important to people and nature. Shutdown123